18TH CENTURY OTTOMAN BRONZE CALLIGRAPHIC SEAL

• An ancient 18th century A.D. Ottoman bronze octagonal-shaped calligraphic seal with epigraphy to the underside.
• Accompanied by a wax stamp sample to display the epigraphy of the seal.
• The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
• The empire emerged from a beylik, or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I.
• His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire.
• The Byzantine Empire was ended with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 under the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans` emergence as a major regional power.
• Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development.
• By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy.
• With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.
• Dated to the 18th century A.D. (1701 - 1800)
• Size: 21mm x 14mm x 12mm
• Provenance: This piece was held in an important London collection, acquired by the European collector circa. 2000-2010. Has henceforth been held in a private collection in Surrey, United Kingdom.
• Condition: This piece is extremely well preserved and remains in excellent condition - refer images.
• Accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity (Internationally recognized BidSafe authentication and verification number: 4998153-53)
• Inspected and verified by an archaeologist and prominent historical author with a PhD in archaeology. (SN:4998153-53) (316100-1)

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